The 2023 elections to the National Council of the Slovak Republic were closely followed as first-order elections. After the 2020 elections, a coalition government was characterized by little stability. It ultimately led to the government's fall and the rise of a caretaker government, which led the country to early elections in September 2023. In the early elections, SMER-SD won convincingly, but the new entity HLAS-SD was also successful. The one of the outcomes was the return of Robert Fico to the prime minister's chair. This qualitative and descriptively oriented study focuses on their comprehensive analysis, considering pre-election and post-election events. The case study captures the development of the Slovak party system; it examines the broader impact of the results of these elections and the immediate changes in cooperative-competitive relations within the Slovak party system. The results of the 2023 parliamentary elections confirmed the long-term polarization and division of the Slovak political scene and society.