Territorial disputes in Latin America, with all their geopolitical consequences, are still relevant today and burden both bilateral and international relations. One example is the dispute over the territory of Guyana Essequiba, the outcome of which is disputed by Venezuela and is asking Guyana to withdraw this disputed territory. However, for Guyana, this territory is of absolutely fundamental importance in terms of area and, above all, raw material resources, when in 2015 extensive deposits of oil and natural gas were discovered here. The aim of the article is to outline the key milestones related to the Guyanese-Venezuelan border dispute and to further reflect on the economic, domestic and foreign political aspects of this rivalry. It will also be embedded in wider international political contexts. The method used will be the description and especially the analysis of the available sources